1916 : NV WA Hoek Machine enZuurstof, a Dutch company established an oxygen company in Jakarta, followed by the establishment of other factories in Surabaya and in Bandung (“NV WA Hoek”).1924 : NV Javasche Koelzoor Fabriek established a carbon dioxide factory in Surabaya (“NV Javasche”).1958 : Both NV WA Hoek and NV Javasche were nationalized by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia where NV WA Hoek became PN Zatas and NV Javasche became PN Asam Arang.